CADASTRAL INFORMATION systém
OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND ITS POSITION IN THE NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
R. Zimová, P. Soukup
Czech Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering
Department of Mapping and Cartography
Thákurova 7, 166 29 Praha 6, Czech Republic
e-mail:zimova@fsv.cvut.cz, soukup@fsv.cvut.cz
INTRODUCTION
In general, the cadastre can be characterised as a land information system containing the data on land parcels (location, boundaries, co-ordinates), land tenure (property rights, ownership, leases) and land value (quality, economic value, tax value). Dealing with geographic information about land units within the whole state territory and being managed by the state administration, a digital form of the cadastre can be understood as a GIS of the state level.
INFORMATION SYSTEM OF THE CRE
In the Czech Republic, the existing Information System of the Cadastre of Real Estates (IS CRE) and the Information System of Surveying are two parts of the information system under the responsibility of the central state administration body - the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre (COSMC).
The IS CRE is declared as a part of the State information system (SIS). The conception of the State information system development has not been established yet in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, no doubt that effective and efficient management of information about land and property is fundamental to economic and social prosperity of the country.
The current structure of this information system is presented below:
IS of Surveying and Cadastre of Real Estates |
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IS of Surveying |
IS of the CRE |
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basic control point information |
descriptive information files |
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fundamental database of geographic data |
survey information files (cadastral maps) |
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state map series of 1 : 5000 scale and smaller |
subsidiary registers |
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documentation |
As many other countries the Czech Republic is now in the period of digitising cadastral data. The Conception of digitising of the Cadastre of Real Estates (COSMC Regulation, 1993) with a new Cadastral law (in force from 1st January 1993) provide the necessary legal framework for modernisation of the cadastre.
Descriptive Information Files (DIF) include the information about cadastral units, parcels, buildings, owners and about property rights and other rights related to real estates. The descriptive data are stored simultaneously in the local data bases (Cadastral Offices in the districts) and in the central data base (Land Survey Office in Prague). The digitising of the DIF should be finished in 1998.
Survey Information Files (SIF) - give the information about property boundaries mainly in the form of a cadastral map. Due to high degree of heterogeneity of the maps the digitising of the SIF is a complicated problem. Up to now, the digital cadastral map represents approximately 2% of all cadastral maps. The digitising of the SIF will be a priority task of the COSMC branch for the years 1998-2006.
Other data of the IS CRE are held mostly in analogue form.
CREATION OF A NEW IS CRE
With respect for the expected development of land registration and management the present cadastral information system in the CR is not able to meet increasing capacity demands and modern technology requirements. The urgent need for fundamental changes in this field can be explained by the following facts :
These are the main problems to be solved by a implementation of a new - enhanced - Information system of the CRE which is planned to be developed in co-operation with the system integrator appointed by public tender in 1997 under the project management of the COSMC within the time schedule set up by the year 2000.
DATA ANALYSIS WITHIN THE CADASTRE
Geographic data are in the most exhaustive way handled in geographic information systems. Besides the tasks solved by computer aided cartography (CAC), database management systems (DBMS), computer aided design (CAD) and remote sensing, in a geographic information system the analysis of both spatial and attribute data can be undertaken. This feature distinguishes a GIS from other types of information systems. The number of analysis functions and the level of their development is still increasing - that is why it may be difficult to set up any comprehensive classification of these functions.
In our paper, a possible use of GIS analysis functions within the future - fully computerised - cadastral information system in the Czech Republic is discussed. With respect to the type of data to be analysed the following groups of GIS analysis functions can be identified for:
Analysis of spatial data
Digital spatial data of the CRE will be stored in the form of a digital cadastral map (SIF). The digitising of cadastral maps in the Czech Republic is in its initial phase at present. Any change in the cadastral map contents has to be based on a geometric plan prepared in accordance with valid regulations.
In the group of spatial data analysis, the following functions can be considered:
Analysis of attribute data
Within the IS CRE it represents the processing of descriptive information files where legal and administrative data are stored. At present, the required analysis can be done within the software which has been developed by the Research Institute for geodesy, topography and cartography, based on the relation database dBASE IV. The main functions of this group are:
The ability to analyse spatial and attribute data together is considered to be a characteristic feature of a GIS. It enables the most exciting possibilities for data processing. Integrated analysis can be done by a wide range of functions which include logical, arithmetic, geometric and statistic operations with both geometric and attribute data. In a cadastral information system, common types of integrated analysis can be implemented. Some special analytical problems may be solved within other information systems with cadastral data as one of the data sources.
THE ROLE OF A NEW IS CRE IN THE NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
The development of a new IS CRE based on digital data will facilitate the analysis and display of the information about land parcels, land tenure and land value using GIS technology. The new IS CRE should provide on-line information services to various external users (banks, real estate agencies, private surveyors, lawyers, notaries, other state administration bodies, etc.). Being considered as a part of the future State information system, the IS CRE should enable the access to some other SIS registers important for unambiguous identification of land owners or users (Register of Inhabitants, Register of Organisations) and also the connection with other IS within the state administration.
The position of the IS CRE in the future information flowline in the society can be characterised by the following scheme:
Understanding the Czech national spatial information infrastructure as a nation-wide defined and agreed set of rules, standards and processes for creation, capture, exchange and use of geographic information within the future state information system, we can emphasise the importance of the cadastre used in many ways by many different categories of users. After conversion the cadastral information into digital form, the state guaranteed data on the location, ownership and value of property will become a core of an integrated multi-purpose cadastre. The establishment of a fully functional cadastral information system is essential to land market development and it can be considered as one of the crucial steps to be done in the Czech in transition to the market economy.
REFERENCES